Needs and Rights of the Elderly in Social Care

Needs and Rights of the Elderly in Social Care How to balance the rights and needs of older people is a complex and important issue as it is an occurrence that will inevitably affects us all at some stage of our lives. It is fundamental to ensure a balance of the rights and needs of the individuals by remaining aware of the current Anti-Discriminatory and Anti-Oppressive Practices especially in residential care environments. In order to protect and respect elderly people it is imperative to look at these units, ensure their effectiveness; encourage accountability and most importantly, their provision of safety. This paper explores the nature of the discipline of social work and to illustrate that perhaps its central and unique characteristic is the way theory and practice are closely interrelated in reference to an article written in The Guardian dated 22nd January 2005, They didn’t have long anyway. Society has moved from the traditional family set-up where grandparents usually lived with their family in the nineteen and twentieth centuries to where families are more divided, private and elderly people often live on their own or eventually move into residential units or nursing homes. For the relative making this decision, it can be a distressing time evoking feelings of guilt or worry that they may be letting their parent down at a time of their life when they particularly need them. It can be especially complex if the elderly person resists the move. This is where the help of the social sector can be needed, both for support and information. It is helpful to have an open discussion with the elderly person, reassure them that any decision is made with their best interests being the main concern and that they are also involved in the decision-making process, wherever possible. (Rudd 1967, pp.13-15; Banks 1984, pp. 85-8). Social work’s context of care has changed significantly over the last few decades according to Ife (1997) and Banks (1995). As result of changes in politics, economic and ideologies, some gaps may exist until the social work sector has time to adapt, particularly as social work is not a single entity, rather it is made up of many components. Social work is at times ambiguous, complex and uncertain such that its major strengths are in terms of its ability to improve dialogue, understanding and interpretation, rather than simply be concerned with legislating and acting with authority. (Ife 1997, pp.1-5; Hugman, R 1995, pp 1-12). In the article, They didn’t have long anyway published in the Guardian 22nd January 2005, many vital issues are highlighted, namely the concerning deaths of thirteen elderly persons at the former Maypole that seemed to result in a low-key reaction by society. The article outlines that other sectors of society such as children at risk are protected by laws and rightfully so, yet the same does not adequately seem to apply to elderly people who may also be at risk in institutions. The main concern is that many nursing homes are sub-standard, the food is badly cooked, and hygiene standards questionable and often staff are not providing adequate care and safety for the residents. It is a difficult area of care to decipher definite statistics proving negligence as according to the article there is a lack of meaningful, national data that could provide reliable information. The situation is further complicated by the fact that there can be conflicts of interests with parties such as care providers, pharmacists and doctors and this may add to the concern regarding standards. Plus, the age-old dilemma of funding and lack of resources. The most concerning issue the article raises is that it is the staff member’s responsibility to report the death to a coroner, this could lead to those acting honourably to do so and conversely those that do not, will not report the death. (Muir, H Taylor, D 2005). There has been a long history of research into living conditions and potential abuse in institutional settings by theorists such as Goffman (1961) and Townsend (1962) culminating into a more significant scale in the 1970s and 1980s. Twenty years of campaigning resulted in the launch of two codes of conduct for the social care sector in 2002 in Britain. One code aims to identify social care workers’ conduct making them more accountable for the care they provide as well as informing service users of the standards they can expect. They are responsible for ensuring that they adhere to such standards and they protect the well-being of service users which in this case are elderly people in institutions. They work to a code of ethics including the concern for the well-being of others, respect for the autonomy of others, trustworthiness and honesty, willing compliance with the law (with the exception of civil disobedience), basic justice, refusing to take unfair advantage, duty of car e, confidentiality, commitment to professional responsibilities and preventing harm. The second code for employers of social care workers, ensuring their regulation in order to safeguard and promote the interests of both service users and carers. The code is part of the wider component of existing legislation, requirements and guidance relating to staff employment. (Excellence in caring, 2002). So this leads us to the question of what is going wrong? It is clear that elderly people are particularly at risk as they have are generally voiceless and marginalised as the move from their homes into an institution is usually fast and their families may have no idea of the potential dangers in the system. Often homes do not have regular legislative inspections, thus they can deteriorate with less questions being asked. A continued commitment to safeguarding this sector of our community needs to occur to prevent neglect and abuse. As the article They didn’t have long anyway concludes, it is often those with the loudest voices who are heard. Elderly people do not fit this description, thus it is important that a combination of steps are taken to ensure a balance of the rights and needs of the individuals by remaining aware of the current Anti-Discriminatory and Anti-Oppressive Practices especially in residential care environments. Bibliography Banks, G 1984. Options. A handbook for the elderly and those who care for them. Dove Communications, Victoria. Goffman, E 1961. Asylums. Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Penguin Books, Great Britain. Hugman, R 1995. Ethical Issues in Social Work. Routledge, Great Britain. Ife, J 1997. Rethinking Social Work. Towards critical practice. Longman, Australia. Rudd, T.N 1967. Human Relations in Old Age. Faber and Faber, London. Townsend (1962) The Last Refuge, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. Internet Sites Colero, L A Framework For Universal Principles of Ethics, Crossroads Programs Inc, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/papers/invited/colero.html Excellence in caring, 2002 Guardian Unlimited, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://society.guardian.co.uk/scperformance/story/0,11025,629574,00.html. Ethics Update, 2006 University of San Diego, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://ethics.sandiego.edu/index.asp#PageCite. Muir, H Taylor, D, 22nd January, 2005, They didn’t have long anyway, viewed 6th April 2006: http://www.guardian.co.uk/ No secrets: guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse, 2000 Department of Health and Home Office, retrieved 5th May 2006, from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4008486chk=7Wogjo

Canadian Strategy of Economic Development Essay

In this article the researchers have used secondary research and they have conducted intrevies and triangulation. They have emphasized that the colonialization has greatly affected the growth of Canada and the people however want a more tradionally and culturally grounded foundation. The indigenous people think that they have right to maintain their political, economics and social systems. The prevailing conditions are very bad as they people have a lot of health and educational problems. The article explain that the Canadian are currently pursuing a strategy of economic development with a social entrepreneurship as their core activity. The paper has in a very sound way defined the problems of the people and what they want. They say that economic development can be achieved by 4 ways first by having greater control of activities on their traditional lands. They should be more self determined and put an end to dependence on self sufficiency. They should preserve and strength their traditional values and apply them in economic development and their should be improved socio-economics circumstances for individuals. The researcher have tried to answer the question whether the indigenous people have the power for economic development. The say that they do have the power and currently followed three broad perspective firstly modernization in which till 1960 they used to follow the path of first world countries but it was useless after 1960 when most of Latin America failed. Second perspective was radical perspective which stated that everything is happening cause of the First world War however both these perspectives when applied in real world were illogical and the results gained from them were also not fruitful. Thirdly was the regulation perspective which is a new approach to development that emphasis contingency. They explained that the world has moved away from the concept of ‘0Invisible hand’ of perfectly functioning market they believe that everyone is working for their own benefit so the presence of a government is necessary. The problem with this perspective is that Scott stated that â€Å" Regulation theory does not preassemble the exact nature of a particular mode of social regulation each region can be regulated by a multiplicity of ways. PECK AND TICKBULL ALSO STATED THAT â€Å"THE MODES OF REGUYLZATION IS BASED UPON THINGS AS HABIT, social norms, enforceable laws and state forms. The researcher stated that they provided the people with a questionnaire in which they were asked to opt in or opt out. The people  chose â€Å"Opt In† in which the people were ready to practicable in the global economic growth and were ready to take the necessary steps. In the article the researcher also pointed out that the land claims and economic growth can be both solved by government policy and development strategies of entrepreneurs. There could be more research in which they could ask the views of the people as to what they think should be done. More of primary research should be taken place as secondary data becomes outdated after some time period. More future research csan be done as to how more investors form other countries could be attracted to Canada. Whether their cultural is one that is welcoming and the nature of the people. More research should be done as to what roles government should play to make the people ready to move along with its policies. In tbhe End there were a lot of incidents which were related as to what decision the people and the government faced and what decision were taken. In the conclusion they have stated that they have decreased their role and interference in the lives of the people . More authority is given to the people so that the social economics objectives are achieved and how other economies like them can take measure like them in order to be more socially economic growth indigenous economies.

Diversity, Diversity And Culture Is The Most Important...

In international business the topics of diversity and culture is one the most important strategy that needs be address. Making the decision to outsource for profit gain will not necessarily happen if preparation of cultural change is not in place first. What is values and a norms in a company’s country may be offensive to other social groups of people. For example, in Germany lack of attention to diversity and culture had a serious impacts on Walmart’s position. It build frustrations to both the employees and customers that played a major role in the downfall of Walmart in Germany. Diversity is an issue we have discussed, it has triggered different types of problems in an organization. In recent years the topic of diversity has become a vital strategy towards improving acceptance of individual differences in an organization. Companies that expand their business to a global market face diversity in a higher intensity than those companies that only do business in their own countries. The perception of diversity is to bring acceptance and respect among individual differences. It means being understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be because of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other beliefs. It is the consideration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each otherShow MoreRelatedDiversity Is The Changing Demographics And Economics Of Our Growing Multicultural World1309 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Diversity in Nursing Page 1 Topic: Diversity in Nursing Diversity: The changing demographics and economics of our growing multicultural world, and the long-standing disparities in the health status of people from culturally diverse backgrounds has challenged health care providers and organizations to consider cultural diversity as a priority. 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A Common Culture for Mutual Understanding of Nations Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Essentially, the cultural barriers amount to communication challenges in both written and verbal forms. In fact, the communication challenges prompt organizations to invest a lot of effort in decoding and encoding messages. The investment aims at increasing the slow interaction between the multinational companies and the locals. The extent of how the employees in virtual teams reveal their intentions through explicit verbal communication is greatly compromised. In essence, the virtual teams in many parts of the world feel confused while waiting for an explanation and clearer responses from their counterparts. Sometimes this is a frustrating experience and lowers the effectiveness of organizations markedly. Cultural bias is another drawback. The cultural biases affect the understanding of customs and value of different nations. Notably, cultural diversity tends to create built-in biases because members from different cultural backgrounds desire the incorporation of their inputs in an organizational setting (Huntington 51). People from different cultures tend to have diversified views on what contributes to excellent performance. In this regard, such members attempt to bring cultural differences to the surface in unproductive ways. Consequently, the disparities might affect the efforts to understand and integrate the cultural values in the decision-making processes and execution of tasks. We will write a custom essay sample on A Common Culture for Mutual Understanding of Nations or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Criminal Profiling Has Been A Major Theme Over The Course...

Criminal profiling has been a major theme over the course of the semester, the term criminal profiling was first used by members of the FBI behavioral science unit. Criminal profiling was the process of drawing inferences about a suspect’s characteristics from details of his or her actions in a crime. The FBI made it a scientific understanding that they could figure out details of the offender’s lifestyle just by figuring out who when and where the crime took place calling this behavioral science. â€Å"This definition remained central to subsequent profiling efforts, despite the diversity of approaches that followed.† (Rainbow, 2009)For over the past two decades the definition of criminal profiling remains the same it is just the way it is utilized that makes it such a big controversy. According to the ACPO, the term offender profiler has been changed to BIA because the term criminal profiler was too limited and misunderstood. Criminal profiling is a tool that i nvestigators use to classify a specific individual so that when trying to find the suspect it could be easy. On the clinical forensic psychology website, it was said that The goal of criminal profiling is to arrive at a profile of the type of individual who may be responsible for committing the crime of interest. (What is Criminal Profiling? 2011) A criminal profiler’s job is to figure who, how, and why someone would commit the crime that they are investigating. Essentially painting a picture of an individual due toShow MoreRelatedThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pagesthe truth of it while simultaneously surrendering to the impossibility of actually making it happen. And that is where the rarity of teamwork comes into play. For all the attention that it has received over the years from scholars, coaches, teachers, and the media, teamwork is as elusive as it has ever been within most organizations. The fact remains that teams, because they are made up of imperfect human beings, are inherently dysfunctional. vii 03_960756_flast.qxd 3/25/05 9:59Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesrequest to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1

Training in the Workplace Free Essays

string(218) " qualitative responses which are not necessarily useful to create statistics or prepare graphs, however they do allow me to get feedback and opinion I may not have been able to gather using other forms of questioning\." My research report is based around a questionnaire designed to analyse employee’s opinions on work based training. In particular apprenticeships, these are widely used by the government to increase knowledge and to train the current workforce in the work place increasing standards. Their aim is to raise the standard of education within the work place. We will write a custom essay sample on Training in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"However research has shown that the UK lags behind other advanced countries in the quality and quality of the vocational skills held by its workforce† (Greehalgh 1999). Aim and description of mini project Does age affect employee’s perception of training? This research will show if the age of the employee has an effect on how they see the training, will the younger employees value the training more because they can see the benefits of possible career progression, training does increase the chances of promotion and job opportunities. The organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD) supports that training does increase prospects. †Education and training may enhance the potential benefits that individuals can reap from participating in the labour market† (Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development 2004). Will the older staff feel this is a waste of time, they are coming towards the end of their careers and may not want to change? Will the answers help support the policy in France were they start the training at an early age. The research by (OECD) also suggests that training the young and highly educated demonstrates a clear impact on their wages and the older employees this helps in sustaining employment prospects. Are the skills learned actually transferred into the working environment? Using the qualitative approach (Grbich 2013) Carol suggests this is primarily an inductive approach. The data I will be using in my research to obtain the employees opinions on what has been gained from the training and what they feel are the major benefits. Do the employees feel that there is a benefit at all? The government’s policy in increasing training is supported by Reith L, (2000) she reports that a significant improvement has been reported by several high street chains. Who benefits from apprenticeship training program? Although these staff have all undergone the apprenticeship training, will they use the training in their workplace? Is the training of the correct quality? This research will show if these employees believe if their training is relevant to their roles and if they feel they will be using it during their working day and how often they feel they will use it. The research process The first stage in my research process was to calculate what I wanted to find out, what were my aims and could I achieve them using a small research sample which may be too small to gain a true picture. I decided as all of the distribution staff who had undertaken the training should be asked to participate, thus giving me an accurate sample within our workplace. This however could not be multiplied to form an opinion of the whole population as the training provided to our employees was specific to our field and with such a wide range of course type’s opinions could vary extensively from sector to sector. I have considered a range of research ethics when compiling this research, confidentiality was a one of my main concerns however by informing each participant verbally and also writing a statement at the top of the questionnaire reminding them that this was anonymous. I considered age and as shown in the image 1. 1a I have a spread of age groups. All participants are male, the reason for this is that no females are employed within the sampled department. The reason I personally handed out the questionnaires was to encourage their return, each participant is a member of my distribution team and research has shown that the return rate can be very low unless monetary incentives are used. (Yu, Cooper 1983). I was not in a position to offer payment or reward. I provided a sealed box with a cut out so each employee could hand it in without me having the ability to read the questionnaires as they were handed in which would have removed the anonymity. By using a paper version this makes it accessible for all participants to take part and the immediate return to me via the box, thus removing the need to use a return date. This also gave me a 100% return rate and no one how was asked to complete the survey refused to do so although all participants were given a choice. Although I debated using a computer based questionnaire, with built in software to analyse the results automatically. This would have made the analysing part of my research easier, however may not have provided me with a true sample because the older generations within the proposed sample base are not as familiar with computers as the younger staff members. Thus increasing the possibility in their ability and willingness to take part. A report in Sweden suggests Technological advances tend to exclude older adults who grew up without these facilities (Berner, Rennemark et al. 2013) The use of dichotomous questions has allowed me to ask the question and get a distinctive response allowing me to analyse my questions easily. Likert scale questions have enabled me to gather responses based on the scale of opinion with more choices than either or, yes or no. One of my questions for instance is â€Å"How will your training be used in your day to day work? † this is impossible to gauge without the use of the scale. I would have had to rephrase the question and only had the option of used or not used. The dichotomous and likert scale questions have provided all of the information which is used in the results section of this report. All of my graphs and charts have been produced from these questions. The use of the open ended questions has provided me with qualitative responses which are not necessarily useful to create statistics or prepare graphs, however they do allow me to get feedback and opinion I may not have been able to gather using other forms of questioning. You read "Training in the Workplace" in category "Papers" Pilot Study I conducted a pilot study of my questionnaire with 3 other members of staff who would not be participants in the real questionnaire. This gave me the opportunity to evaluate my questionnaire, is it coherent and that the type and way I asked the questions could be understood. De Vaus (1993:54) cited in (VanTeijlingen 2001) suggests using this pilot study provides advance warning and this have proved to be the case so served its purpose exactly. One point that was highlighted was the question on educational levels, I was trying to gather what was their previous levels however the tester found this question was not clear and I amended the final version to include the word previous. A very simple mistake but would have rendered that section of the questionnaire useless, as I would have been unable to differentiate who had answered the question based on previous or present after the training. Results and finding Image 1. 1a shows the age demographics of the sample As shown in image 1. 1 above there is a random spread of age groups within this sample. I do not have any employees in the department sampled under 18 years of age which would have affected the ethics. No employees are over the age of 65 which also gave me 0%. However the largest age group within the sample are between 26 – 33 years old, a 12% increase on the nearest group. Image 1. 1b below shows the mean, mode and median of the age sample. Image 1. 1b Mean Mode Median 4. 2 26- 33 4 Image 1. 2 below shows that 52% have answered very relevant when asked about the relevance of the training in their employment. The mode shows that this is positive and the answers indicate that the training is worthwhile. 16% (4 responses) indicated that the training was not relevant, this can partially be explained by the fact that 2 members of this team are currently helping out within another department and most of the training is not suitable. None of the sample who indicated that the training was not relevant was from a particular age bracket, therefore suggesting that there is no correlation between the two and answering my first objective. From the sample used neither the younger or older age groups answered in one particular way. Had the sample been in the thousands this may have yielded a clearer correlation. Image 1. 2 shows the percentage on how relevant is the training. Image 1. 3 demonstrates how the employees feel they will use their training Image 1. 3 above suggests that the training received would be used more often than not. Again the 16 percent can be attributed to those who are currently carrying out other roles. The mode is I will use it every day. Altogether 84% are positive about the training and when they will use it. Not one respondent felt they would not use the training provided. Image 1. 4 below is very surprising, only 4 participants (16%) have indicated that English and Maths training would help them in their work. Thus suggesting that most employees already had the required standard and possibly suggesting that the government training is too low of a level for the majority and should be tailored to suit the individuals needs more specifically. (Steedman 1990) argued that NVQ level 1 is too low to constitute an adequate measure of skill for a worker in an advanced industrial economy. However the City and guilds training body states â€Å"Maths and English skills are surely the most valuable vocational skills of all† (City and Guilds 2013) 3 of the 4 (75%) who indicated that this training was useful also answered that they did not have any previous qualifications. Image 1. 5 shows all respondents previous level of education. Image 1. 4 Has English and Maths training helped you in your work? Previous Level of Education Answer Tally Frequency Percent Answer Tally Frequency Percent Degree higher education 1. 1 2 8. 00% A Level 0 0. 00% 0 Level 1. 1. 1. 1 4 16. 00% GCSE 1. 1. 1. 1 4 16. 00% Apprenticeship 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1 8 32. 00% NVQ 1. 1. 1. 1 4 16. 00% No Qualifications 1. 1. 1 3 12. 00% 25 25 100. 00% Mean Mode Median 3. 6 Apprenticeship 4 With the exception of English and Maths training my findings show that the training was positive and that this will be used within the employee’s duties and will be useful in the workplace. This indicates that further investment in employee training would be of benefit. This provides the answers to my second and third objective. The question what is most important to you was seeking to clarify the employees main motivation. 60% chose self-satisfaction in their ability to complete a qualification as their first choice. While showing your employer you are capable was their second choice and thinking they may get a pay rise was the last option for 87%. (Kovach 1987) supports my theory that monetary reward is not the highest motivator. Abraham Maslow (Maslow 1948) hierarchy of needs also supports my findings as he demonstrates that self-esteem and self-actualizing needs are in the top layers of the hierarchical pyramid, personal worth and fulfilling one’s own potential are high on people’s needs. The majority also answered the question on whether their employer was correct to invest in staff training answered yes. Reasons provided for answering yes to this questions were provided from my open ended questions which provided me with qualitative data. Respondent A â€Å"because better drivers mean less crashes, so better for the insurance and also reduces fuel consumption† I felt this was answering the question as taught on the training, this is what it set out to achieve in part. Respondent B â€Å"investment in the future of the company† None of the above have mentioned the benefit to themselves and the possible motivational value. Reflection The initial intention of handing out the questionnaires would have worked to my initial planning had in not been for a last minute change to my working patterns. Although this could not have been foreseen, planning for any future questionnaire would now be altered and I would distribute these in the staff pigeon holes and the use of a return date would help, this might have reduced the responses hoverer it would have proved a faster return and not relied on me personally seeing each member of the team. The sample used was selected by me and therefore is classed and non-probability because this was not a random sample and could be a bias sample because of my position within the company I cannot verify if the answers are a true reflection and truthful, I did however allow these to be handed in anonymously and told each participant to be honest. Combining a mixture of qualitative and quantitative provided me with some advantages, the ability to obtain answers from different perspectives and enhancing the validity of my findings, this is suggested by (Grbich 2013). The use of the non-probability sample means that this research cannot be used as a representative sample for the population. Although I found this part of the task easier than expected I feel because of the all-male environment and the small research sample I would like to conduct the same research across multiple companies undergoing the same training and also with mixed sex. It would also be useful to compare my findings alongside those of the management. Conclusion My conclusion on this research is that from those sampled I cannot find any trends that would suggest from an employee point of view, that the apprenticeship training has a higher value to the younger staff or the older staff. This includes who gains from the training, the employer or the employee. The main motivational reason was self-satisfaction, Demonstrating financial reward is low on most people’s agenda as previous research has shown. The research suggests that from an employee’s point of view the training is relevant and most would use it in the day to day roles within their work place. This is however with the exception of English and Maths, it identifies that the group who found this part of the training useful were the staff with no previous qualifications, the other 84% did not feel it would not help them in their work. This demonstrates that one solution does not fit all and a more tailored training approach with different levels offered to each employee this may benefit and offer a more suitable training approach in the future. To gain accurate results this study would need to be carried out on all apprenticeship trained employees and if done in subject areas this would provide a clearer understanding within a subject area. Does level 1 in maths suffice for a hairdresser who rarely counts compared to a warehouseman who counts daily? Their response to the maths question could have the potentially to vary. References BERNER, J. S. , RENNEMARK, M. , JOGREUS, C. and BERGLUND, J. , 2013. Factors associated with change in Internet usage of Swedish older adults (2004–2010). Health Informatics Journal, 19(2), pp. 152-162. CITY AND GUILDS, July 2013, 2013-last update, Putting Maths and English learning into context [Homepage of City and Guilds], [Online]. Available: http://www. cityandguilds. com/About-Us/Broadsheet-News/July-2013/Maths-and-English-in-context [24th Novembber 2013, 2013]. GRBICH, C. , 2013. Qualitative data analysis : an introduction. 2 edn. London: Sage. GREEHALGH, C. , 1999. Adult vocational training and government policy in France and Britain. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 15(1), pp. 97-113. KOVACH, K. A. , 1987. What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business horizons, 30(5), pp. 58-65. MASLOW, A. H. , 1948. â€Å"Higher† and â€Å"Lower† Needs. The Journal of psychology, 25(2), pp. 433-436. ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT, 2004. OECD Employment Outlook 2004. Revised edn. Org. for Economic Cooperation Development. STEEDMAN, H. , 1990. Improvements in in workforce Qualifications. Improvements in in workforce Qualifications: Britain and France 1978 – 88, pp. 129. VANTEIJLINGEN, E. , 2001. The Importance of Pilot Studies. Social Research Update, 35, pp. 1-2, 3, 4. YU, J. and COOPER, H. , 1983. A Quantitative Review of Research Design Effects on Response Rates to Questionnaires. Journal of Marketing Research, 20(1), pp. 36-44. Appendix The Questionnaire Training In The workplace I would like to thank you in advance for participating in my questionnaire. You have been selected to take part because you have undergone apprenticeship training within the last 12 months. The reason I am asking you to complete this is to aid my research at Hull University where I am a part time student. The information provided is anonymous and confidential and will not be shared with any part of the business, your responses will have no effect on your employment and I would appreciate if you could be as honest as possible with your answers. Age Group (circle one age group) 18 – 2526 – 3334 – 41 42 – 4950 – 5758 – 6565+ Gender (tick one answer) MaleFemale What is your highest level Education / Qualification? (Tick one you’re highest only) Degree Higher Education A Level O level GCSE Apprenticeships NVQ No Qualifications How would you rate the following in the order of what means the most to you. 1 being the most important to you and 5 least important to you. (Please write the numbers 1 to 5 in the boxes next to each option). A Qualification that is transferable in the workplace Self-satisfaction in your ability to complete a qualification Showing your employer you are capable of passing A qualification which enables you to perform better at work Thinking you may get a pay rise for passing How do you rate the relevance of your training in respect of your employment? (Tick one answer) Very relevant Somewhat Relevant Relevant Not Relevant How will your training be used in your day to day work? (Tick one answer). I will use it every day I will use it most of the time I will use it some times I may use it sometimes I will not use it Part of the training involved key skills maths and English, do you think this element of the training should be included? (Tick one answer). Yes No Would you want to undertake further training? (Tick one answer) Yes No Why did you attend the training? How to cite Training in the Workplace, Papers

Assess The Impact Of Genetically Modified Foods free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper The British Government describes familial alteration as? the neutering of the familial stuff in that being in a manner that does non happen of course or natural recombination or both? . Therefore familial alteration produces organisms that would non happen in nature, unlike farming methods such as selective genteelness which could happen of course. To adversaries of GM nutrients this constitutes a cardinal difference. Familial alteration is when Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments are transferred into different cells through either the natural ability of Agrobacterium, ballistic impregnation, electroporation or utilizing microscopic crystals to puncture holes in the cells. One ailment against GM nutrients is the imprecise ways in which cistrons are combined, as listed above. Plants are made up of between 20 000 and 80 000 cistrons and we know really small about how these cistrons are activated as an incorporate whole. Genes and the proteins they make do non work in isolation and are highly complex. However, scientists have been seting hardly cistrons into wheat to do it disease-resistant for most of this century. GM engineering is non every bit new as it appears. New progresss in GM engineering, nevertheless, thin toward a more unprecedented type of experiment. One illustration is of strawberries been made able to defy frost-damage through infixing a cistron from a cold-water fish. In instances such as this we are non even covering with cistron transference from the same land. What people do non gain is that there are about indistinguishable cistrons found in workss and animate beings, that there is a platitude heritage during development and in some instances there are natural mechanisms for reassigning cistrons between unrelated species ( in Agrobacterium, for illustration ) . To exemplify this, worlds portion 50 % of their cistrons with bananas. Therefore cistron transferral between different species or, in fact, between different lands, is non every bit unnatural as it sounds. However, there are surely a figure of worrying possibilities. For one, corns are being developed to incorporate antibacterial belongingss. It is feared that if tran sferred to bacteriums they could go immune to antibacterial drugs. Progresss in GM engineering may besides give progresss in other countries of scientific discipline. Experimenting with DNA, cistrons and cells may help research into human DNA. For illustration, in Texas scientists found a chemical compound in the works tailwort that produces gamma linolenic acid, which has been found to cut down bosom onslaughts caused by cholesterin. Theoretically, this cistron could be transferred to harvests bring forthing lipoids, doing fatty nutrients such as oleo and ice pick healthier and safer. There are besides environmental statements used in support of GM nutrients. Producing GM tomatoes uses less energy and H2O ; herbicide-resistant harvests cut down the sum of weedkiller needed so it can be sprayed less often and intensively ; pest-resistant cotton has reduced the usage of pesticides on cotton harvests in the United states by up to two tierces. On the other manus it is thought that doing farming more efficient may speed up the harm to wildlife already done. At present, weedkillers and pesticides have reduced Numberss of Grey partridge by more than 50 % and remotion of field border and hedgerows has led to a lessening in populations of sparrows, Alauda arvensiss and reed bunting. It is apparent that we must look at the impact of GM merchandises on other beings to supply a true appraisal. Cross-pollination is a major concern, as it would do non-GM harvests to be? contaminated? with GM harvest cistrons. Surrounding GM harvests with workss of other species would significantly cut down this hazard of cross-pollination but the danger is still at that place. Boundaries between species have been established though 1000000s of old ages of development and the concern is th at these barriers will be destroyed with GM engineering, taking to unpredictable events. With chemical pollution the substance will half a half-life but the job with GM harvests is that they are self-replicating. As with all harvests they are designed to reproduce and will make so, unless modified non to. Arguably the most distressing facet of GM merchandises is their capriciousness, as briefly mentioned before. In 1989 ingestion of the supplement L-tryptophan, derived from GM bacteriums, killed 37 and rendered 1 500 for good disabled. The scientists of the company, perchance to cover their ain errors, blamed the GM procedure for bring forthing hints of a powerful new toxin. Health-risk appraisal of GM nutrients compares known constituents ( i.e. foods, toxins and allergens ) between GM and non-GM merchandises. However no trials with human voluntaries are required by jurisprudence for either toxicity or allergic reactions. GM soybean included a cistron from Brazil nuts, bring forthing a nut allergic reaction and was accordingly removed. The cistron was removed because the developers knew to look for the nut allergic reaction but what of factors unknown and non even looked for? It seems that proving of GM nutrients is cardinal in the statement over their safety. Comparisons to the BSE panic are unrealistic as, unlike in the instance of BSE, the premise with GM nutrients is that they will be harmful. Whichever way nutrient testing goes in GM merchandises will be tested far more exhaustively than normal nutrients. Unbeknown to most there are assorted toxic nutrients that are on a regular basis consumed: kidney beans are toxicant if undercooked, tonss of people die each twelvemonth from nitrile in Prunus persica seeds and cassava, the basic diet of 1000000s, has to be grated, squeezed and cooked to destruct the nitrile within it. So all nutrient, even non-GM is non without danger. Scientists have non tested conventional nutrient for toxicity. It is hard to cognize where to get down, but methods are being developed. Kuiper? s institute is now working on a screening trial to observe differences in the form of courier RNA molecules produced by normal and transgenic tomatoes. This should supply a fast manner to see big alterations in cistron look. They will besides do comparings by looking at their atomic magnetic resonance spectra. Between 1986 and 1997 around 25 000 transgenic harvest field tests were conducted on more than 60 harvests in 45 different states affecting 10 different traits. No inauspicious effects on nutrient safety or the environment have been found. The job with GM nutrients is that they could be both improbably utile and potentially unsafe. The procedure of familial alteration seems irrelevant ; it is non every bit unnatural as most think, and sometimes even occurs in nature. The danger is in the unpredictable new substances formed through the procedure, and their consequence on worlds and the environment. Merely because there have been no effects on the environment so far does non automatically do GM nutrients safe, nor does it intend that the really same proteins will non go unsafe through the procedure of biodegrading. The potency for GM nutrients is excessively great to disregard but strict testing must go on and until we are perfectly positive of their harmlessness they should be kept in isolation. The job of widespread taint is one that should be earnestly looked at. In theory, GM nutrients are lifesaving, in practise they could be tremendously destructive. 1. Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia 2. The Sunday Independent 3. New Scientist, 17 April 1999 4. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.futuradesign.co.uk/gm/index.html 5. BBC News Online 6. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/menu.html 7. Prospect, December 1999 8. This Week, 6 March 1999 9. Encarta Online Concise